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Attracting High-Impact Teams in Innovation Hubs

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The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying policy measures triggered financial interruption so plain that advanced analytical approaches were unneeded for lots of questions. Joblessness jumped greatly in the early weeks of the pandemic, leaving little room for alternative descriptions. The effects of AI, however, may be less like COVID and more like the internet or trade with China.

One common method is to compare outcomes between more or less AI-exposed employees, companies, or markets, in order to separate the impact of AI from confounding forces. 2 Direct exposure is typically specified at the job level: AI can grade homework however not manage a class, for example, so instructors are considered less disclosed than employees whose entire job can be carried out remotely.

3 Our method integrates data from 3 sources. The O * web database, which mentions jobs related to around 800 distinct occupations in the US.Our own use information (as determined in the Anthropic Economic Index). Task-level exposure estimates from Eloundou et al. (2023 ), which measure whether it is in theory possible for an LLM to make a task at least twice as quick.

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Some jobs that are theoretically possible might not reveal up in usage because of model constraints. Eloundou et al. mark "License drug refills and provide prescription information to pharmacies" as completely exposed (=1).

As Figure 1 programs, 97% of the tasks observed across the previous four Economic Index reports fall into categories rated as in theory possible by Eloundou et al. (=0.5 or =1.0). This figure reveals Claude use distributed throughout O * internet jobs grouped by their theoretical AI direct exposure. Tasks rated =1 (completely feasible for an LLM alone) represent 68% of observed Claude use, while tasks ranked =0 (not practical) represent simply 3%.

Our new measure, observed exposure, is indicated to measure: of those jobs that LLMs could in theory speed up, which are actually seeing automated usage in professional settings? Theoretical ability incorporates a much broader variety of tasks. By tracking how that space narrows, observed exposure provides insight into economic modifications as they emerge.

A task's exposure is greater if: Its jobs are theoretically possible with AIIts jobs see significant usage in the Anthropic Economic Index5Its tasks are performed in work-related contextsIt has a reasonably higher share of automated usage patterns or API implementationIts AI-impacted jobs make up a larger share of the total role6We offer mathematical details in the Appendix.

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The task-level coverage procedures are balanced to the occupation level weighted by the portion of time spent on each task. The measure reveals scope for LLM penetration in the bulk of jobs in Computer system & Math (94%) and Workplace & Admin (90%) professions.

Claude presently covers just 33% of all jobs in the Computer system & Mathematics category. There is a big uncovered location too; many tasks, of course, stay beyond AI's reachfrom physical agricultural work like pruning trees and operating farm machinery to legal tasks like representing customers in court.

In line with other information showing that Claude is extensively used for coding, Computer system Programmers are at the top, with 75% protection, followed by Client Service Agents, whose primary jobs we progressively see in first-party API traffic. Lastly, Data Entry Keyers, whose primary task of checking out source files and going into information sees significant automation, are 67% covered.

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At the bottom end, 30% of workers have absolutely no protection, as their jobs appeared too rarely in our data to fulfill the minimum threshold. This group includes, for instance, Cooks, Motorbike Mechanics, Lifeguards, Bartenders, Dishwashers, and Dressing Space Attendants. The US Bureau of Labor Data (BLS) publishes routine work forecasts, with the most recent set, published in 2025, covering predicted modifications in employment for each profession from 2024 to 2034.

A regression at the occupation level weighted by present work discovers that development forecasts are somewhat weaker for tasks with more observed exposure. For every single 10 percentage point boost in coverage, the BLS's growth forecast stop by 0.6 percentage points. This provides some validation in that our measures track the individually obtained price quotes from labor market analysts, although the relationship is small.

Each strong dot shows the typical observed exposure and projected employment modification for one of the bins. The rushed line reveals a simple direct regression fit, weighted by existing employment levels. Figure 5 shows attributes of workers in the leading quartile of direct exposure and the 30% of employees with absolutely no exposure in the three months before ChatGPT was released, August to October 2022, utilizing data from the Current Population Study.

The more discovered group is 16 percentage points more most likely to be female, 11 portion points more most likely to be white, and almost twice as likely to be Asian. They make 47% more, on average, and have greater levels of education. People with graduate degrees are 4.5% of the unexposed group, but 17.4% of the most revealed group, an almost fourfold distinction.

Scientists have taken different approaches. Gimbel et al. (2025) track modifications in the occupational mix using the Current Population Study. Their argument is that any essential restructuring of the economy from AI would appear as changes in circulation of tasks. (They discover that, up until now, changes have been plain.) Brynjolfsson et al.

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( 2022) and Hampole et al. (2025) use task publishing information from Burning Glass (now Lightcast) and Revelio, respectively. We focus on joblessness as our concern result due to the fact that it most straight catches the capacity for financial harma employee who is out of work desires a task and has actually not yet discovered one. In this case, task posts and employment do not always signify the requirement for policy responses; a decrease in task postings for an extremely exposed function might be combated by increased openings in a related one.

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